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Why Do We Put Holes In Our Head?

The $15,000 A.I. from 1983: Scraping, grinding, or drilling a hole through the thick, hard skull that evolution developed to protect our most sensitive contents might be one of humanity’s worst ideas — and also one of our best. We have no idea how it started, or why the first trepanner thought it would fix…

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The $15,000 A.I. from 1983:

Scraping, grinding, or drilling a hole through the thick, hard skull that evolution developed to protect our most sensitive contents might be one of humanity’s worst ideas — and also one of our best.

We have no idea how it started, or why the first trepanner thought it would fix anything. We just know that nearly every civilization worldwide has been drilling holes in heads for at least 7,000 years. Sometimes it actually worked. Sometimes it… didn’t.

Unraveling the impossibly-complex story of trepanning exposes a deep conceptual understanding of the relationship between the brain and behavior. It reveals our desire to take drastic measures to preserve the lives of people who are important to us, whether their value is practical or emotional. And the development of trepanning from Neolithic peoples to the Greeks and Incas and modern trauma surgeons takes a winding road through horrors and genius.

Trepanning evolved alongside our understanding of biology, physics, and even consciousness, with both its tools and practices reflecting our increasing knowledge and our changing attitudes toward health and human life.

Skull jewelry. Headache cures. Experimental psychosurgery. A few people who just wanted to chill. It’s all trepanning.

And the most remarkable thing about this seemingly-crude phenomenon is how it not only persists, but that it might actually be an important part of our plan for tomorrow.

So sharpen an old rock, measure your brainbloodvolume, and grab a watermelon to practice on.

We’ll see you in the future.

** SOURCES / FURTHER INVESTIGATION **

“Bore Hole” by Joe Mellen:

“A Hole in the Head: More Tales in the History of Neuroscience” by Charles Gross:

“Holes in the Head: The Art and Archaeology of Trepanation in Ancient Peru” by John Verano:

“Hippocrates, Vol. III” translated by Dr. E. T. Withington:

“The Popular Science Monthly,” September 1875:

“The Popular Science Monthly,” February 1893:

“A History of Medicine: Primitive and Ancient Medicine” by Plinio Prioreschi:

“A History of Human Responses to Death: Mythologies, Rituals, and Ethics” by Plinio Prioreschi:

The Wellcome Collection:

** SPECIAL THANKS **

Advisor, History of Medicine: Dr. John Dickey, UMass Chan Medical School

The Wellcome Collection, The British Museum, and others who generously license their material with Creative Commons

#science #technology #documentary #history

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106 Comments

106 Comments

  1. @TrevorZero

    March 6, 2024 at 3:37 pm

    if God didn’t want me to put holes in my head why did he give me five?

    • @TheBadSpoon

      March 6, 2024 at 6:35 pm

      Real

    • @rolloxra670

      March 7, 2024 at 12:08 am

      Seven if you count your eye sockets

    • @niamotullah99

      March 7, 2024 at 1:21 am

      Exactly, he already gave you so u don’t have to

    • @popularscience

      March 8, 2024 at 2:52 pm

      TREV! This is not a how-to guide!

  2. @memeslich

    March 6, 2024 at 4:08 pm

    meme accounts show a lot of women getting hurt too

    • @popularscience

      March 6, 2024 at 6:53 pm

      doing dumb things is the great unifier of all demographics

  3. @SnowyOwl369

    March 6, 2024 at 4:24 pm

    Who else is here from Vsauce2?

    • @T-J-S

      March 6, 2024 at 4:30 pm

      I am, and he always makes my day better while I watch his videos! He’s an amazing teacher

    • @The.171

      March 6, 2024 at 5:57 pm

      Me

    • @popularscience

      March 6, 2024 at 6:46 pm

      me

    • @catherinebaldwin6580

      March 7, 2024 at 10:05 pm

      Me

  4. @Bombingham

    March 6, 2024 at 4:56 pm

    God: gives humans intelligence
    Humans: ima put a hole in my head

    • @popularscience

      March 6, 2024 at 6:31 pm

      you can’t reach great heights without first knowing where rock bottom is

    • @Bombingham

      March 6, 2024 at 10:09 pm

      @@popularscience true, someone had to “invent” common sense after all

  5. @ddturnerphd

    March 6, 2024 at 4:57 pm

    What an insightful video on trephenation, not at all boring.

    • @popularscience

      March 6, 2024 at 6:30 pm

      thank you — and we had to leave out some really good stuff (YouTube would’ve age-restricted it for “gore” despite it being purely medical/scientific)

    • @ddturnerphd

      March 6, 2024 at 7:44 pm

      @popularscience  I appreciate your whittling through reams of material and material on reaming that could lead to circular arguments.

    • @catherinebaldwin6580

      March 7, 2024 at 10:03 pm

      I thought it was very boring. Afterall, he spent the hole time boring through Joe rind.

    • @ddturnerphd

      March 7, 2024 at 10:09 pm

      @@catherinebaldwin6580 That was the ‘hole point of my pun!

  6. @Conrad500

    March 6, 2024 at 5:57 pm

    This video blew my mind. Well, at least it put a hole in it

    • @popularscience

      March 6, 2024 at 6:20 pm

      Good, but did the explosion and the small channel it created allow the evil spirits to escape?

  7. @TheBadSpoon

    March 6, 2024 at 6:38 pm

    They always did say I’ve got a head like a hole.

    • @popularscience

      March 6, 2024 at 7:02 pm

      Black as your soul?

  8. @Astrolab.insights

    March 6, 2024 at 6:45 pm

    It suggested the other new video but not this one.

    • @popularscience

      March 6, 2024 at 6:56 pm

      the algorithm works in mysterious ways

  9. @kae3037

    March 6, 2024 at 7:33 pm

    So that’s how they tried to cure Joe’s melon-choly 🤔 😉

  10. @AlternateHoney

    March 6, 2024 at 9:52 pm

    At least we’ve gotten better at doing the bad thing

    • @popularscience

      March 8, 2024 at 1:05 pm

      sometimes that’s all we can hope for

  11. @tahiryaqubov3548

    March 6, 2024 at 11:30 pm

    Found another rare video that i will talk about to my friends

    • @popularscience

      March 8, 2024 at 1:00 pm

      please tell your closest 50,000 friends and family to like and subscribe

  12. @superfishman3243

    March 7, 2024 at 12:38 am

    Gonna do a presentation on trepination as a treatment for possesion in Africa. Thanks for more inspiration!

    Don’t know why you didn’t link the first article you used though.

  13. @superfishman3243

    March 7, 2024 at 12:38 am

    Gonna do a presentation on trepination as a treatment for possesion in Africa. Thanks for more inspiration!

    • @popularscience

      March 8, 2024 at 12:52 pm

      Heyyy that’s awesome, one of the most comprehensive articles is from Charles Gross (whose book we used) writing in The MIT Press Reader, check it out:

    • @superfishman3243

      March 8, 2024 at 4:22 pm

      Okay, I’ll check it out.

  14. @KyleIng

    March 7, 2024 at 1:39 am

    Hey man just found your videos today, they are so amazing I just wanted to let you know your going places. Keep entertaining man!

    • @popularscience

      March 8, 2024 at 12:46 pm

      thanks Kyle, many more on the way — new video next week!

    • @KyleIng

      March 8, 2024 at 1:31 pm

      @@popularscience keep ‘em coming!

  15. @johnnydarling8021

    March 7, 2024 at 2:48 am

    Glad that you’re still making videos.
    I love your other channel, Sauce, too.

    • @popularscience

      March 8, 2024 at 11:59 am

      thanks, Johnny — and yeah, Vsauce2 continuing as normal (new video out over there next week!) and a new one each week here. lots and lots of content is happening

  16. @noob19087

    March 7, 2024 at 3:27 am

    Only a thousand views? I figured this to have a few million.

    • @popularscience

      March 8, 2024 at 11:58 am

      hopefully we get there, it’ll take a little while to get the algorithm rolling. but that’s why we love the early crowd who’s with us from the start

  17. @noooosleeplol

    March 7, 2024 at 3:36 am

    I’m just here before the channel blows up more. Glad I have a backlog of the old content to watch now too, and whatever the future holds for this teams channel. I’ve been having a science itch. Great work as always for like the last 15 years at this point, Kevin.

    • @popularscience

      March 8, 2024 at 11:57 am

      thanks, nosleep! Really excited to re-invent the content here and roll it out every single week, retro tech, science documentaries, visualizations, and stories. 15 years and 50 more!

  18. @BeastBishop

    March 7, 2024 at 6:42 am

    Neutral Link: is it Dream, or is it advertising?

    • @popularscience

      March 8, 2024 at 11:54 am

      we are probably about to find out

  19. @jimmerlin3852

    March 7, 2024 at 8:44 am

    Is this where the saying “I need this like a “hole in the head” originated?

    • @popularscience

      March 8, 2024 at 11:51 am

      It seems that way, jimmerlin — there was some coverage in the 60’s/70’s about the counter-culture fringe elements (like Huges and his followers) engaging in trepanation, which had to have come off as being nuts to most people

  20. @salvsays

    March 8, 2024 at 12:57 am

    Id do it

    • @popularscience

      March 8, 2024 at 7:53 am

      It’s actually really surprising how little pushback people seem to have had with this. The very sick, hurt, and unconscious people aside, there weren’t too many indications that people put up a crazy fight to avoid trepanation, or maybe it just got dropped from the narratives. History is written by the drillers.

    • @salvsays

      March 8, 2024 at 8:29 am

      Lol 😂 amazing. I love your work on V2. Loved this.

  21. @aL3891_

    March 8, 2024 at 4:35 am

    i do it to get the bad thoughts out

    • @popularscience

      March 8, 2024 at 7:51 am

      Sure, but now that there’s a hole, won’t it be easier for new ones — and WORSE ones — to make their way in? Cranial conundrum.

  22. @jasperekkel

    March 8, 2024 at 1:01 pm

    Just found this channel. Enjoying it so far!

    • @popularscience

      March 8, 2024 at 1:24 pm

      ayyy jasper, welcome — hopefully you like the next video as well, coming next week!

  23. @bagel29

    March 8, 2024 at 1:08 pm

    2:05 TABBERRRRRRR

    • @popularscience

      March 8, 2024 at 1:16 pm

      missed a chance for a JSchlatt cameo :'(

  24. @jaizo_

    March 8, 2024 at 7:16 pm

    I am so confused by why this channel exists, what was popular science/why is vsauce doing this?

  25. @matianlong7907

    March 9, 2024 at 6:43 am

    Interestingly, I’ve been to a traditional Tibetan Medicine hospital and the practice of a small trepanation of the skull to let blood flowing away is displayed as a traditional practice and seems its still practiced in that hospital. I guess it’s maybe based on a similar concept of that of Mr. Mellon about reducing the blood pressure

  26. @bagel29

    March 9, 2024 at 12:11 pm

    Something something head like a hole by nine inch nails something

  27. @jasonsharpe9766

    March 10, 2024 at 7:09 pm

    You look like the lead singer of Korn

  28. @danthelatch

    March 11, 2024 at 6:45 pm

    Looking forward to the next video where you show us how to do a lobotomy on a cantaloupe

  29. @Crouchdown

    March 12, 2024 at 9:42 am

    Wait… Matthew Taber wrote a medical journal?

  30. @Grill_Jones

    March 12, 2024 at 6:42 pm

    good video

  31. @forbiddenera

    March 12, 2024 at 8:12 pm

    I’m gonna have nightmares now.😢

  32. @SirYenner

    March 12, 2024 at 8:19 pm

    I recommend getting a CT scan before self trepanation so you’ll know precisely how deep to drill.

  33. @TheSimArchitect

    March 14, 2024 at 5:38 pm

    Perhaps he just wanted a headphone jack but he was too ashamed to admit it.

  34. @robertkerr4199

    March 14, 2024 at 8:57 pm

    I had a friend who got into black magic, then drilled a hole in his head to release the demons. He’s not right…

  35. @Joeyzoom

    March 15, 2024 at 1:50 pm

    You need a hole in your head like you need a hole in your head.

  36. @secondlifearound

    March 15, 2024 at 9:00 pm

    Patient: “Doctor I have a very bad stomach ache.”
    Doctor: “Let me work on the top of your head for a sec.”

  37. @obrecht72

    March 16, 2024 at 5:22 am

    Quote Morpheus, “This may feel a little weird. “

  38. @ilpi7216

    March 16, 2024 at 7:56 am

    Mankind YEARNS for the lobotomy, and it did so since the dawn of time

  39. @BobofWOGGLE

    March 16, 2024 at 10:22 am

    Needed this video like I needed a hole in the head.

    So like, surprisingly a lot actually.

  40. @lordterra1377

    March 17, 2024 at 1:11 am

    Democrats have a huge hole in there heads, they cant define what a women is.

  41. @Umuthoper

    March 17, 2024 at 4:29 pm

    So, just to be sure the holes are covered with skin right?

  42. @ristube3319

    March 18, 2024 at 6:35 pm

    15:54 why not put it in a vice?

  43. @Yourmission9

    March 19, 2024 at 7:46 pm

    This is much like the medical “science” of blood letting and humors

  44. @goldendk9

    March 20, 2024 at 7:54 pm

    Helium holes.

  45. @alby13

    March 21, 2024 at 4:19 am

    This is because the brain is the least understood part of the human body.

  46. @SDRIFTERAbdlmounaim

    March 22, 2024 at 1:52 pm

    Kirkland vsauce 😂

  47. @SDRIFTERAbdlmounaim

    March 22, 2024 at 1:56 pm

    people really had it tough before the invention of Aspirin 😂

  48. @bradzandmaxplays

    March 23, 2024 at 8:25 am

    wow

  49. @sevenbender7927

    March 23, 2024 at 9:30 pm

    Hey Mr. Host Guy. I’m getting some Frankie Muniz vibes from you

  50. @LIVE781REDRUM

    March 25, 2024 at 8:59 am

    THIS IS THE SUPERB CONTENT I NEED IN MY LIFE. I HOPE YOU DO MORE OLD GADGETS OUT OF POPULAR SCIENCE MAGAZINES.

  51. @shornoMALONEY

    April 4, 2024 at 5:00 pm

    There’s a great episode of Hamilton’s Pharmacopeia where he interviews Amanda Feilding, “My LSD-Induced Love Affair With a Pigeon”. She’s now a prominent researcher in the field of psychedelic medicine, specifically 5-MeO-DMT if I recall.

  52. @No.Good.Nickname

    April 4, 2024 at 5:44 pm

    I’m just thinking about these holes looking likes they where inflicted with warhammers.

  53. @CDRaff

    April 4, 2024 at 6:10 pm

    This might be the most uncomfortable video I have ever watched.

  54. @Dan-Simms

    April 4, 2024 at 8:18 pm

    Until his hand got sore haha!
    Bet buddies head was a lot more sore.
    Wild

  55. @TheSkypetube

    April 5, 2024 at 12:22 am

    Well look at it this way. This is the oldest surviving surgery that we know of. It was also a very dangerous surgery performed by top doctors. Those doctors needed a livelihood and if they have no one to teach their very important medical procedure they will be out of a job and their decendents will have to look work else where instead in top of the line bone cracking

  56. @xander9460

    April 12, 2024 at 1:37 pm

    Oke definitely subbed. Excellent quality! Despite me squirming throughout the whole episode in discomfort =S

    • @popularscience

      April 12, 2024 at 1:44 pm

      Awesome, thank you! There’s another one of these documentary videos coming next week. 🙂

  57. @Talon3000

    April 12, 2024 at 2:19 pm

    11:30 I’d totally wear a part of my skull around my neck, that sounds badass.

  58. @michellebeckham5310

    April 12, 2024 at 3:57 pm

    I would guess migraines , that’s what feel like doing when i get one.

  59. @garatenadialga6886

    April 13, 2024 at 3:27 am

    We are created we dont evolve

    • @SOUL-KING-93

      April 15, 2024 at 5:28 am

      Created by what?

  60. @ShockedCaucasian

    April 13, 2024 at 3:32 am

    You have explained my curiosity about trepanning, brought a whole new meaning to being “bored/Bored to death” and have also made me thankful for Excedrine headache pills! cannot wait to see this channel blow up just like the Vsauce Channels did 🙂

  61. @naiknaik8812

    April 13, 2024 at 10:18 am

    hell yeah more kevin content

  62. @AnglophobiaIsevil7

    April 13, 2024 at 1:30 pm

    For fun obviously

  63. @AnglophobiaIsevil7

    April 13, 2024 at 1:30 pm

    How great was trepang 2 though?

  64. @charliebot6027

    April 14, 2024 at 11:27 am

    *guy losing liters of blood from a hole in his head*
    “Whoah I feel lighter now haha this is crazy! My blood pressure is going down and I feel like taking a nap whoah”

  65. @lightspeedjunky

    April 15, 2024 at 10:40 pm

    They did surgery on a watermelon!

  66. @Simosayso

    April 16, 2024 at 4:45 pm

    Don;t know how you missed the fact bushmen (San) used to also do this practice including the whole necklace thing.

  67. @Mr371312

    April 17, 2024 at 1:08 pm

    “Trepanning” used (mistakenly)as noun “trepang” – “hole in the head” makes now sense for a video game of said name. Otherwise “sea cucumber” didnt.

  68. @GUNDAMxGSRx

    April 17, 2024 at 11:35 pm

    It’s weird how we came into the world in a body without an instruction manual or a schematic 😂

  69. @2010RSHACKS

    April 18, 2024 at 6:32 am

    I thought it was for spiritual purposes? People today do it because they say it heightens their spiritual awareness or connection to god or something like that?

  70. @TheGreenDragon419.9

    April 18, 2024 at 9:22 am

    I have constant pressure in my cheek bones and AC bice my eyes, also diagnosed with persistent postural perception disorder, I have been thinking of this.

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