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3 Mysteries of the Universe — and a New Force That Might Explain Them | Alex Keshavarzi | TED

We’re still in the dark about what 95 percent of our universe is made of — and the standard model for understanding particle physics has hit a limit. What’s the next step forward? Particle physicist Alex Keshavarzi digs into the first results of the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab in Chicago, which found compelling evidence…

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We’re still in the dark about what 95 percent of our universe is made of — and the standard model for understanding particle physics has hit a limit. What’s the next step forward? Particle physicist Alex Keshavarzi digs into the first results of the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab in Chicago, which found compelling evidence of new particles or forces existing in our universe — a finding that could act as a window into the subatomic world and deepen our understanding of the fabric of reality.

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102 Comments

102 Comments

  1. @acelondon7785

    March 14, 2024 at 2:51 pm

    I watched this for all the wrong reasons 🙃

    • @doqodoqo

      March 14, 2024 at 4:40 pm

      I know right? This dude is hot.

  2. @miodragpetrovic1447

    March 14, 2024 at 2:57 pm

    I didn’t know TED still existed. I heard they only got people looking to advertise things and beg for money and a bunch of crazies trying to spread their dogmatic activism.

  3. @lucasm9172

    March 14, 2024 at 3:02 pm

    I wish he would let his forehead breathe.

  4. @Gamage891

    March 14, 2024 at 3:11 pm

    What a clear and concise explanation. This bloke is a legend.

  5. @Callmetheblackout

    March 14, 2024 at 3:20 pm

    00:37 🌌 The universe’s expansion is accelerating, driven by an unknown force called “dark energy,” comprising 74% of the universe’s energy.
    01:35 🔭 Dark matter, constituting 85% of matter in the universe, is observed indirectly through astrophysical phenomena, yet its nature remains unknown.
    03:37 ⚖ The universe lacks antimatter compared to matter, posing a fundamental asymmetry yet to be explained, challenging our understanding of particle physics.
    06:42 🧲 Muons, heavier cousins of electrons, are utilized in experiments like Muon g-2 to explore potential new particles or forces beyond the standard model.
    09:46 📊 Results from the Muon g-2 experiment indicate a significant deviation from the standard model’s predictions, hinting at potential new particles or forces influencing muons’ behavior.
    11:49 📈 While the Muon g-2 experiment’s findings are promising, further research is needed to confirm the discovery of new particles or forces, offering insights into the mysteries of the universe.

  6. @mudfossiluniversity

    March 14, 2024 at 3:36 pm

    Thank you my friend that was a nice presentation of things that are extremely questionable and my new video will simply make an argument using actual photos of light research against mainstream claims….. please Look up Dipole Electron Flood Model paper on Academia where protons are made of 1823 dipoles. It solves every issue. On my channel I have many videos and this new one will be about these claims by Alex vs my model. I show the Muons as you will see.

  7. @Alex-un5je

    March 14, 2024 at 3:51 pm

    We have all the parts we need without adding anything. RETURN TO BASIC PRICIPALS.

    • @chuckybang

      March 14, 2024 at 4:29 pm

      If you ignore all the things we can’t explain then we have everything we need

    • @Alex-un5je

      March 15, 2024 at 5:22 am

      If you ignore the basic pricipals you can add whatever you want even if it doesn’t exist.

  8. @vngelsvnddemons5292

    March 14, 2024 at 5:16 pm

    I love it when guests explain things like I’m a fifth grader. I feel like I learned a lot!

  9. @mariloubannon5874

    March 14, 2024 at 5:16 pm

    Dark energy is just a theory to explain observations. The observations are correct, but I am not buying the theory, as all attempts to verify this theory failed. In my view, there is at least one ‘extra’ dimension. Since space curves, what else can it curve into except another dimension?

  10. @thoribass696

    March 14, 2024 at 5:29 pm

    This seems like a promising experiment

  11. @Bobby-fj8mk

    March 14, 2024 at 5:45 pm

    To me it’s not surprising that we can’t understand what’s going on.
    We can’t detect particles that are smaller than about 1/1000th the size of a proton.
    There could be a whole zoo of such particles and they could have Neutrino type properties
    whereby they don’t interact with normal matter.
    Some could be very massive and easily account for dark matter.
    Others could have the opposite effect of gravity and account for dark energy.
    The only way we could discover their existence is that after particle collisions
    at places such as CERN we might be able to account for missing mass
    in the same way that neutrinos were discovered.

  12. @freemanrader75

    March 14, 2024 at 6:03 pm

    I didn’t learn anything of value from this video. They need to work on their ability to understand the unseen.

  13. @steven.stevenson94132

    March 14, 2024 at 6:34 pm

    Westners are clueless about the universe…. Indians have figured out the forces that propagate and sustain the universe… millenia ago.

    Just read the ancient texts and see what is been talked about here is already there in the ancient texts….

    But Westners will still work around in didactic mind set refuting anything from the east

  14. @Jim007baker

    March 14, 2024 at 8:10 pm

    no such thing as dark matter, find another reason

  15. @MeatMachine69

    March 14, 2024 at 11:38 pm

    Holy Moly! Thank goodness! I have been waiting much too long for a good Ted Talk to come out

  16. @pharaohcaesar

    March 15, 2024 at 1:04 am

    You want us to believe that you know there was a big bang but even so you don’t know what dark matter is or dark energy or mass or even where the energy came from in the first place but yet you know there was a big bang. And you want us to believe that you know what you’re talking about because of all the things you don’t know. What we don’t know is why anyone would give you people tax money or why you are even up there on that stage talking.

  17. @arminhanik7229

    March 15, 2024 at 1:42 am

    What DREADFUL sound quality.

    The 1980s want their sound back

  18. @lordemed1

    March 15, 2024 at 1:58 am

    The ability to measure at this level of precision is mind-boggling!

  19. @thebeesnuts777

    March 15, 2024 at 2:00 am

    Its quantum entanglement , the explosion/big bang and the expansion of the universe are seemingly similar to when they spilt the light photon and found out the once combined photon now 2 can reference each others movements regardless of space and faster than light speed ,
    Therefore dark matter is the universe that is Quantumly entangled with ours which may contain its own entanglements which don’t interfere with ours ,

    • @user-hy9nh4yk3p

      March 16, 2024 at 3:28 am

      I know a mystic – who may be called upon to reply. It would be – ‘Bah’ – and he would go on meditating.
      A possibility, of sorts. Hee hee.
      Fare thee well.

  20. @grantbennett4675

    March 15, 2024 at 2:21 am

    Me

    • @user-hy9nh4yk3p

      March 16, 2024 at 3:32 am

      Well – really ? Fare thee well.

  21. @stickman4087

    March 15, 2024 at 11:57 am

    First of all the Big Bang is nothing more than a theory conjured up to refute creationism. Nothing about it is conclusive or provable

  22. @kaisersouzei

    March 15, 2024 at 12:28 pm

    Its refreshing to see that there are experiments being conducted that yield results that aren’t as immediately explainable by some established theory. I would love to hear theoretical physicists though on the results of this experiment.

  23. @brewster2188

    March 15, 2024 at 6:07 pm

    Ah ok clear as mud, I thought so

    • @user-hy9nh4yk3p

      March 16, 2024 at 3:34 am

      The light shines through the darkness – and the pure hearts feel its effects. A song of love – ensues..
      Fare thee well.

  24. @alancham4

    March 15, 2024 at 7:19 pm

    But that’s just dust dude.

  25. @growingrobin

    March 15, 2024 at 9:04 pm

    I have a feeling, the antimatter is right there in front of our eyes. Visible to us as dreams, imagination, fantasy, visions, thoughts and emotions. It’s within the Spirituality Science can’t understand because it’s something that can’t be measured. Just a suspicion.

  26. @xrisc131

    March 15, 2024 at 9:43 pm

    In sum: I need more funding.

  27. @user-ll2ed3lt4g

    March 15, 2024 at 10:47 pm

    Well explained, u need to be the next Science Communicator on BBC.

  28. @pirixyt

    March 15, 2024 at 11:23 pm

    Cute and smart

  29. @agnidas5816

    March 15, 2024 at 11:55 pm

    1:20 no. You called it the prime mover. What gives dark energy its energy ? what initiates a big bang ? prime mover. Prime mover = God.

    • @user-hy9nh4yk3p

      March 16, 2024 at 3:31 am

      A thumbs up – from the Absolute source.
      Whatever He is – we must love – Him.
      So many answers – in that process.
      Final answer – we get the Beloved, Himself.
      Fare thee well.

  30. @brianstevens3858

    March 16, 2024 at 12:23 am

    Thumbs up.

    • @user-hy9nh4yk3p

      March 16, 2024 at 3:23 am

      Up with the thumbs – keep the feet on the ground – thoughts to the Highest and heart with the Beloved.
      Fare thee well.

  31. @leohernandez7689

    March 16, 2024 at 1:57 am

    it does not make sense they know what is the 100% of the universe. how can they say dark matter is 70% of the universe if they cannot know what is the 100%? with the light that hits your telescope you can determine how large is the whole universe ? with radio waves ? When I hear this statement I stop listening the rest, I cannot trust them , they are not reliable scientists and it seems they only look fame.

  32. @bingeltube

    March 16, 2024 at 3:35 am

    This video is a freaking 1 year old without indicating it!

  33. @user-hy9nh4yk3p

    March 16, 2024 at 3:46 am

    Free thinking – is more satisfying – than dogma – any day.
    You can explore and be flexible – in mind and heart.
    And so the workings – and the Real Doer – will be known.
    Spirit – is free.
    Fare thee well.

  34. @donnamarie3617

    March 16, 2024 at 4:09 am

    Perhaps he should have voided his bladder before giving this talk.

  35. @amreshyadav2758

    March 16, 2024 at 4:19 am

    Ted please please, why you bring these bodybuilders to teach us physics..
    We dont need to learn physics from bodybuilders..
    Stop this rubbish.

  36. @jensanges

    March 16, 2024 at 4:36 am

    The universe is time, folded; or should I say time is: folded negative charges, creating positive charges, creating electricity, creating dimensional atoms, in one burst!

  37. @hakiza-technologyltd.8198

    March 16, 2024 at 2:18 pm

    Hahahaha

  38. @MrCesarpuertas

    March 16, 2024 at 7:35 pm

    The x is upside down 😊

  39. @harvey4893

    March 16, 2024 at 10:22 pm

    Our universe is in a blackhole and outside it are more blackholes with parallel universes, like the Mandelbrot set

    • @Casevil669

      March 17, 2024 at 2:03 am

      While interesting thought experiment it’s unlikely

  40. @MajorWolf72

    March 16, 2024 at 10:50 pm

    TED needs to do their homework better whom they let present, especially in science topics. For one, the idea of dark matter and dark energy itself may be completely wrong, no proof so far. Plus, no proof of any alternative explanation, none, zero. The papers published by these guys have been shredded by the Particle Physics community, several assumptions don’t add up, and no data directly support their approach. This talk comes down to an advert for a so far completely unsuccessful yet incredibly expensive experiment.

    • @johncollado3610

      March 17, 2024 at 9:52 am

      😊@majorwolf72 I’m just an arm chair critic. I have no degrees in particle physics, but it’s a subject is of interest to me. This area includes the origins and the study of the universe. With this in mind, I like to address your comments regarding dark energy and matter by asking you a few questions. How do you explain the expansion of the universe? Why do galaxies hold together? How do you explain the momentum of stars at the edge of our Milky Way?

    • @MajorWolf72

      March 17, 2024 at 10:13 am

      @@johncollado3610 There are several theories regarding the observed phenomena, the existence of „dark matter“ and „dark energy“ to make up for the obviously missing pieces in the current standard model are just two well known approaches.
      None of all the theories has so far been proven, no LHC and no other experiment or observation has so far produced valid results. Dark matter and dark energy are very popular, because they were pushed and because they have catchy, mysterious names that trigger human phantasy. A LOT of money has been put into several search approaches, tax payer and private money. With no results whatsoever. If I could deliver an explanation, as you demand, I would be a multi billionaire just because I‘d be the sole human being able to do so.

  41. @tomsolver4593

    March 16, 2024 at 11:50 pm

    This guy is so wrong because his original hypothesis starts with the wrong conclusions about what he thinks are correct facts!

  42. @roselotusmystic

    March 17, 2024 at 1:40 am

    GoodLuck . . .

    BigDarkBangers 🙏

  43. @roselotusmystic

    March 17, 2024 at 1:46 am

    Nice ‘Story’ 😎

  44. @Jenny_Digital

    March 17, 2024 at 1:55 am

    Almost as soon as I started watching this, I knew where he worked. He’s clearly passionate about his work. Interestingly however, it would have been much better if he’d had his sources cited so that others could take a closer look at his work.

    Without further references, he’s just evangelising… and asking for another fat government grant.

    I do hope that particle physicists manage to discover something that doesn’t need another huge particle accelerator because it’s all getting quite expensive, and yes, I do still love science.

  45. @daveb8559

    March 17, 2024 at 3:12 am

    TED talks… the open platfo…. Well, “open” is probably a little much. Let’s say restricted talks. Wait. That doesn’t sound right, either. How about a seriously censored platform that only keeps talks that keep the status quo. As long as you make your chat about mutually identified and agreed upon “main stream” information.

    Screw your platform.

  46. @motjuste8549

    March 17, 2024 at 3:55 am

    Sounds like the Big Bang is a bust. Throw the theory out, rather than invent a bunch of invisible magic to explain it. I think y’all went wrong when you mistook redshift for a Doppler shift. It’s not caused by an expanding universe. It’s just gravity. No Big Bang = no expanding universe = no missing anti-matter = no “dark” anything. Hold on to your wallet, folks. They’re going to say they need a bigger particle accelerator. Sad is the state of modern physics.

  47. @docstevens007

    March 17, 2024 at 7:10 am

    BS

  48. @RussInGA

    March 17, 2024 at 7:14 am

    Perhaps we are still in the big bang. The acceleration and speed creates sufficient time dealation that we experience time not all at once. Sounds good for a sci fi explanation anyway. Physicists would probably laugh at the idea though. 😛

  49. @brussels13207

    March 17, 2024 at 7:23 am

    He says that dark matter HAS to exist. That is only true if we assume our understanding of gravity is 100% correct. What if our understanding of gravity is NOT completely correct?

  50. @kronkite1530

    March 17, 2024 at 8:28 am

    It’s typical but annoying how many whingers comment here to belittle a summary discussion and carp about funding and propaganda, or demand the citation of sources (which, if not so stubbornly lazy, they could easily look for). If everyone had been like these nay saying dullards we’d still be living in caves, frightened of fire.

  51. @Apeiron242

    March 17, 2024 at 9:23 am

    How could a fundamental force be new? The universe was holding it in reserve until 2024?

  52. @Claire-wg8np

    March 17, 2024 at 11:34 am

    so that’s what makes me wobble 😂

  53. @2Bretter

    March 17, 2024 at 12:17 pm

    If the chances are 99,9975 % that we have seen the influence of a new particle or force and 0,0025 % that the messurement is a fluke, how are the chances that we just misinterpreted the existing forces? Why do we need a new force or particle to adjust the standard model?

  54. @rgc121044

    March 17, 2024 at 1:51 pm

    Looking for an explanation of dark energy?, Look no more. There is a simple explanation. We are inside of a universe bubble (there are millions of them), and this bubble has a surface that is an EM wavefront. It is expanding at the speed of light (cannot go faster),,,, But because it is an EM wavefront, it carries ENERGY. Because energy is equivalent to mass, a gravitational field emanates from this wavefront toward the inside of the bubble. This gravitational field translates to an acceleration of the baryonic mass inside the bubble pointing towards its surface. But there is also a center of mass inside the bubble, which also emanates a gravitational field that opposes the one from the surface of the bubble. But some bodies will reach escape velocity. I don’t know about Earth… you could study that.!!! Best regards

  55. @garyjohnpeterson9954

    March 17, 2024 at 4:57 pm

    BS

  56. @KryyssTV

    March 17, 2024 at 5:00 pm

    Amazing hyperbole to drum up investors by misrepresenting findings as suggesting it has found something new. The fact he neglected to mention that the Standard Model doesn’t include gravity and then shows results confirming that the muon is being influenced by something not included in the model but claims this was unexpected shows how corrupt academia is becoming.

    Doctorates and diplomas are worthless without integrity and honesty.

  57. @Wikingen

    March 17, 2024 at 5:28 pm

    Very interesting. But prettyplease do mot stand doing a brownian walkabout while lecturing. It is very distracting!

  58. @orcmanddegormak1031

    March 17, 2024 at 6:09 pm

    it sounds like a tiny portion of an experiment. did they try every combination of interactions with a muon up to all of them? like, if theres 16 fundamentals, did they measure effects from 1-15 electrons hitting? then 1 electron+14 quarks? i cant recall all the names, but thatd take thousands and thousands of tests to find all the compound effects up to using one of each, right? 15*15i?

    • @Sentrme

      March 18, 2024 at 8:08 am

      Measuring and testing in the world of Standard Model of particles is much more difficult than testing 1 to 1. Primarily because everything has to be measured and tested based on our tech ability to detect these particles. You also have to filter out external particles affecting the control experiment.
      There are many Dark Energy/Matter experiments in the world.100% that have tested billions and billions of collisions and measurements.

      Our new fast networks were created because CERN needed them for massive amounts of data.

    • @orcmanddegormak1031

      March 18, 2024 at 11:56 am

      @@Sentrme if theyre testing for total muon wobble from each other particle impact/interaction, would the changes be cumulative, or do some cancel out changes others make to the muon? im prettt sure one or two would cause some net loss…no?

  59. @ericswain4177

    March 17, 2024 at 8:02 pm

    The difficulty of this material universe reality is as we learn and discover what we think as facts and truths but we constantly are hit with new problems and questions likely in greater numbers than those we have seemingly solved. This should tell you something, are we getting more and more wrong ? otherwise, we should be getting closer to right and less not more problems and questions.

  60. @ericswain4177

    March 17, 2024 at 8:13 pm

    The Big Bang Theory is still a lot of Speculation and or Conjecture just as the probability of life beyond our planet Earth.

  61. @d.Cog420

    March 17, 2024 at 11:28 pm

    Be nice if it wasn’t referred to as a ‘new’ particle or force but rather one that’s always been there we just haven’t uncovered it.

    • @Sentrme

      March 18, 2024 at 8:13 am

      Isn’t that the same thing. It is a ‘new particle’ to our human science.

    • @d.Cog420

      March 18, 2024 at 1:04 pm

      @@Sentrme just a different way of looking at it, kind of inserts some humility into who we think we are and also how we learn. A child sees something for the first time and goes look what I found mummy all up in their ego, whereas an adult will be content with learning new things knowing there are many more things to learn and that all is a part of something else. This allows a more open mind to possibilities and also helps the concept our place. Perhaps in this case, instead of aiming to find ‘the missing force’ you take a step back, realising you have no idea what you’re looking at or for, and consider a range of possibilities. Is it one force or maybe a set of forces working together, or some thing outside our range of present understanding or the range of the tools we have to uncover it so check the tech side harder, which I’m sure they are doing. Hard to describe, just a touch of humility goes a long way toward realising stuff in my experience and I think we need a bit more of that in light of upcoming changes on how we live on the planet, and with ourselves and all else on it.

  62. @dannypope1860

    March 18, 2024 at 12:40 am

    What if the strong magnetic field that contains the muons is causing a faster wobble/spin.

    That could potentially show that the electromagnetic force and gravity have some overlap. Maybe that would be a giant leap in creating our own anti-gravity alien craft, right here on Earth. I’m tired of only having the dozen or so ships that the US government has been hoarding.

  63. @valeriek8077

    March 18, 2024 at 1:27 am

    Wolfram Physics

  64. @charlesbrightman4237

    March 18, 2024 at 6:44 am

    IN THE SEARCH FOR THE THEORY OF EVERYTHING: QUESTIONS:
    1. How does a photon, rotating electrical and magnetic forces 90 degrees to each other and considered massless, go across the vast universe for billions of light years and not be flung apart and/or torn apart by other photons, including photons of the same exact energy frequency, and/or by matter, matter being made up of quarks, electrons and interacting energy, quarks and electrons being considered charged particles each with their respective magnetic field with them?

    2. What exactly is ‘space’ and how exactly does space contract, expand and warp?

    3. What exactly is ‘time’ and how exactly does time vary and warp?

    4. ‘Speed’ is distance divided by time, ‘distance’ being 2 points in space with space between those 2 points. But modern science claims that both space and time can vary and warp. So, how could the ‘speed of light’ ever be constant across the vast universe ‘if’ space and/or time are varying and warping? (See also items 2 and 3 above).

    5. What exactly is ‘gravity’? And for those who claim that gravity is matter warping the fabric of spacetime, see also items 2 and 3 above.

    6. How exactly do numbers and mathematical constants exist for math to do what math does in this existence? Surely the very nature of reality must allow numbers and mathematical constants to exist and do what they do in this existence. And ‘if’ space and time can warp and vary, are mathematical constants only constant in a specific configuration of space and time? What about truthful reality of other configurations of space and time? A circle is a circle in this current space and time configuration, but in actual reality is even a circle possibly something other than a circle in a different space and time configuration to warp such that for example a circle is not a circle?

  65. @charlesbrightman4237

    March 18, 2024 at 6:45 am

    THEORY OF EVERYTHING IDEA: Revised TOE: 1/24/2024a:

    TOE Idea: Short version: (currently dependent upon the results of my gravity test):
    The ‘gem’ photon is the eternally existent energy unit of this universe.
    The strong and weak nuclear forces are derivatives of the electromagnetic (’em’) interactions between quarks and electrons. The nucleus is a magnetic field boundary. ‘Gravity’ is a part of electromagnetic radiation, gravity acting 90 degrees to the ’em’ modalities, which of course act 90 degrees to each other. ‘Gravity’ is not matter warping the fabric of spacetime, ‘gravity’ is a part of spacetime that helps to make up matter. The gravity and ’em’ modalities of matter interact with the gravity and ’em’ modalities of spacetime and the gravity and ’em’ modalities of spacetime interact with the gravity and ’em’ modalities of matter.

    TOE Idea: Longer version: (currently dependent upon the results of my gravity test):
    THE SETUP:
    1. Modern science currently recognizes four forces of nature: The strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, gravity, and electromagnetism.
    2. In school we are taught that with magnetism, opposite polarities attract and like polarities repel. But inside the arc of a large horseshoe magnet it’s the other way around, like polarities attract and opposite polarities repel. (I have proved this to myself with magnets and anybody with a large horseshoe magnet and two smaller bar magnets can easily prove this to yourself too. It occurs at the outer end of the inner arc of the horseshoe magnet.).
    3. Charged particles have an associated magnetic field with them.
    4. Quarks, protons and electrons are charged particles and have their associated magnetic fields with them.
    5. Photons also have both an electric and a magnetic component to them.

    FOUR FORCES OF NATURE DOWN INTO TWO:
    6. When an electron is in close proximity to the nucleus, it would basically generate a 360 degree spherical magnetic field.
    7. Like charged protons would stick together inside of this magnetic field, while simultaneously repelling opposite charged electrons inside this magnetic field, while simultaneously attracting the opposite charged electrons across the inner portion of the electron’s moving magnetic field.
    8. There are probably no such thing as “gluons” in actual reality.
    9. The strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force are probably derivatives of the electro-magnetic field interactions between quarks and electrons. In the case of the alpha particle (Helium nucleus), the electro-magnetic field interactions between the quarks themselves are what keeps them together in that specific structural format.
    10. The interactions between the quarks EM forces are how and why protons and neutrons formulate as well as how and why protons and neutrons stay inside of the nucleus and do not just pass through as neutrinos do. (The neutrino being a substance with a very high gravitational modality with very low ’em’ modalities.)
    11. The nucleus is probably an electro-magnetic field boundary.

    THE GEM FORCE INTERACTIONS AND QUANTA:
    12. At this time, I personally believe that what is called ‘gravity’ is a part of electromagnetic radiation, gravity acting 90 degrees to the ’em’ modalities, which of course act 90 degrees to each other. ‘Gravity’ is the force which allows a photon to travel across the vast universe without that swirling photon being flung apart or ripped apart by other photons and/or matter interactions. Gravity being a part of the ’em’ photon could also possibly be how numbers exist in this existence for math to do what math does in this existence (the internal oscillations of the 3 different parts of the ‘gem’ photon, each modality having a maximum in one direction, a neutral, and a maximum in the other direction.) ‘Gravity’ is not matter warping the fabric of spacetime, ‘gravity’ is a part of spacetime that helps to make up matter. The gravity and ’em’ modalities of matter interact with the gravity and ’em’ modalities of spacetime and the gravity and ’em’ modalities of spacetime interact with the gravity and ’em’ modalities of matter.
    13. I also believe that the ‘gem’ photon is the energy unit in this universe that makes up everything else in this universe, including eternally existent space and time. (‘Space’ being eternally existent energy itself, the eternally existent ‘gem’ photon, ‘Time’ being the eternally existent flow of energy, ‘Space Time’ being eternally existent energy and it’s eternally existent flow).
    14. When these vibrating ‘gem’ photons interact with other vibrating ‘gem’ photons, they tangle together and can interlock at times. Various shapes (strings, spheres, whatever) might be formed, which then create sub-atomic material, atoms, molecules, and everything in existence in this universe.
    15. When the energy units unite and interlock together they would tend to stabilize and vibrate.
    16. I believe there is probably a Photonic Theory Of The Atomic Structure.
    17. Everything is basically “light” (photons) in a universe entirely filled with “light” (photons).

    THE MAGNETIC FORCE SPECIFICALLY:
    18. When the electron with it’s associated magnetic field goes around the proton with it’s associated magnetic field, internal and external energy oscillations are set up.
    19. When more than one atom is involved, and these energy frequencies align, they add together, specifically the magnetic field frequency.
    20. I currently believe that this is where a line of flux originates from, aligned magnetic field frequencies.

    NOTES:
    21. The Earth can be looked at as being a massive singular interacting photon with it’s magnetic field, electrical surface field, and gravity, all three photonic forces all being 90 degrees from each other.
    22. The flat spiral galaxy can be looked at as being a massive singular interacting photon with it’s magnetic fields on each side of the plane of matter, the electrical field along the plane of matter, and gravity being directed towards the galactic center’s black hole where the gravitational forces would meet, all three photonic forces all being 90 degrees from each other.
    23. As below in the singularity, as above in the galaxy and probably universe as well.
    24. I believe there are only two forces of nature, Gravity and EM, (GEM). Due to the stability of the GEM this is also why the forces of nature haven’t evolved by now.
    25. ‘God’ does not actually exist except for as a concept alone. The singular big bang theory is a fairy tale for various reasons. The CMBR from the supposed ‘bang’ should be long gone by now and should not even be able to be seen by us. Red Shift observations have a more ‘normal’ already known physics explanation, no dark energy nor dark matter needed. The universe always existed in some form and never had a beginning and will most probably never have an end. Galaxies collapse in upon themselves, ‘bang’, eventually generating new galaxies. Galaxies and ‘life’ just come and go in this eternally existent existence.

    DISCLAIMER:
    26. As I as well as all of humanity truly do not know what we do not know, the above certainly could be wrong. It would have to be proved or disproved to know for more certainty. Currently, my gravity test has to be accomplished to prove or disprove that portion of the TOE idea. But, if not this way, then what exactly is the TOE of this existence?

  66. @edwardliquorish8540

    March 18, 2024 at 7:11 am

    Life in more dimensions than we can imagine.

  67. @Rik77

    March 18, 2024 at 7:40 am

    Ok, whilst interesting, the one experiment discussed hasbt yielded any significant result. Thats fine, but its worth remembering there are hundreds of experiments looking at different solutions to the problem.

  68. @disgruntledwookie369

    March 18, 2024 at 8:58 am

    You can get 80% of the way to an explanation for all 3 problems by just assuming antimatter has negative mass. According to GR such matter would create a negative curvature in spacetime instead of the usual positive curvature. This accounts for the asymmetry between matter and antimatter. N-body simulations including negative mass show promising results in reproducing the large scale structures of the universe as well as dark matter halos and matching galactic rotation curves. Recent experimental evidence even might support the idea since antimatter has been observed possibly falling slightly slower in Earth’s gravitational field, which is consistent with the predictions from GR. It also goes a long way to help explain dark energy, since the intersteller/intergalactic medium would be composed of an ultra diffuse fluid of negative mass, leading to a large scale negative curvature of the universe, sprinkled with islands and filaments of locally positive curvature. Some extra stuff is needed to account for the fact that dark energy appears not to be diluted with the expansion of space. The theory can even account for ultra high energy cosmic rays as matter-antimatter pairs occasionally chase each other to relativistic speeds while still being in an inertial frame, effectively a warp field.

  69. @thepeadair

    March 18, 2024 at 9:31 am

    If the universe appears to be expanding, and the rate of expansion appears to increase proportionally with distance- isn’t that the same as saying that the universe was expanding faster in the past? How do we know it’s still accelerating?

  70. @Danny_6Handford

    March 18, 2024 at 10:11 am

    So far, it appears that the universe started as something tiny and started to expand to what we can observe and detect today. It also appears that anything we can observe or detect is made from extremely tiny particles which interact and combine with each other based on some fundamental predetermined rules. We have identified quit a few of these extremely tiny particles and have identified quit a few of the rules these particles follow to interact and combine. Perhaps most of the particles and most of the rules but there probably are more.

    We also discovered that anything that we can observe or detect is made from the same basic stuff and we call this stuff energy. We know this because we have figured out how to calculate a value or quantity of energy for anything that we can observe or detect. I think we can say the fabric of the universe is space time but we can also say that the fabric of the universe is energy time because we now know that space is not empty and is also some type of energy and we can calculate or at least estimate how much energy is in a given volume of space.

    It also appears that after the universe started to expand, no more energy was added or removed as it continued to expand. We do not know what the rules were that determined the amount of energy in the universe nor what caused the energy in the universe to start expanding. The rules for how energy expands, transforms, interacts and combines cause energy to cycle from concentrated to diluted states. Although the cycles can be repeated almost an infinite number of times, there will be a time when they stop because as the cycles keep repeating, the total amount of energy in the universe keeps becoming more and more diluted. We call this rule entropy.

    At some point in time, all the energy will become so diluted that it will not be able to cycle back into more concentrated states and we think this is when the universe ends. We still do not know the rules before the universe started to expand and we still do not know the rules after the universe ends and there are probably still many rules that we do not know about that causes the energy in the universe to cycle back and forth from concentrated to diluted states as it continues to expand.

  71. @holgerjrgensen2166

    March 18, 2024 at 10:43 am

    Life is Eternal, the Stuff-side is Motion,
    Source of Creation, is where the Energies Turns,
    and In-Put becomes Out-Put,
    happends Only in the Day-Consciousness.
    All Stuff, is Simulated Light.
    The Contrast-Princip and the Perspective-Princip,
    is behind Light and Dark, Small and Large.
    The Life-Desire is the Eternal Force,
    there is NO ‘new force’.

  72. @deucedaprodeuca

    March 18, 2024 at 11:09 am

    The problem is, there cannot be an equal amount of matter and anti-matter. When they interact, they both get destroyed. We exist because there was one more particle of matter than anti-matter (in a nutshell). Anti-matter can be created in the Hadron Collider, in the sun’s rays, as a bi-product of radioactive decay, an particle interactions. Natural anti-matter also exists in small amounts in space, but not for long. Upon any interaction with matter, the matter and anti-matter both are destroyed. Maybe it’s possible that dark matter is the result. No one can pretend to know.

  73. @kevinmoorlag5164

    March 18, 2024 at 1:34 pm

    I think it’s a CRIME that a group of physicists haven’t yet formed a rock band called ‘Wobbling Muons’. 🙂

  74. @bxw8582

    March 18, 2024 at 2:52 pm

    why can’t the answer be hydrogen to the dark matter problem, since stars consume it and are born from it?

  75. @huepix

    March 18, 2024 at 2:58 pm

    “We know the universe is expanding”.
    Nope.
    We know that light is red shifted.
    We ASSUME that is because the universe is expanding.
    There are several other reasons for red shift.
    And why do scientists assume the universe is a single expansion?
    Why can’t there be infinite expansions colliding with and expanding thru each other?
    If an observer is surrounded by black holes, space would be warped towards the black holes, and AWAY from the observer creating an illusion of expansion.

  76. @xpndblhero5170

    March 18, 2024 at 4:38 pm

    1:40 – What you are seeing is the explosion of matter in a space w/ no matter and just like on earth when you have an explosion, it drags regular air w/ it when it expands… That’s exactly what happens on a larger scale but it drags empty space that makes it have a little more energy than it normally does. I keep trying to find a good example of it but the only thing that compares is super slow-mo footage of high explosives because of the scale…. Very large explosions are almost identical to smaller explosions in slow motion and some of the ones using gasoline or another liquid fuel are amazingly similar to supernovae, it’s awesome.

  77. @user-dg7df3sv7r

    March 18, 2024 at 4:43 pm

    The Universe is breathing 🌠

  78. @incongruous-drandyyates

    March 18, 2024 at 5:11 pm

    great talk, fascinating science, please stand still

  79. @StephenGoodfellow

    March 18, 2024 at 8:16 pm

    “We know the Universe is expanding…”
    Indeed? So where is the ‘Dark Ages’ predicted by your present interpretation of cosmic redshift?
    It’s not there.
    So everything that follows from that is fantasy.

  80. @humblegrenade118

    March 18, 2024 at 10:46 pm

    We need to look no further than the Force and Source of nature itself is where all the answers and discoveries are

  81. @Nate-BreakingPoint-Interactive

    March 18, 2024 at 11:40 pm

    Time, space and physical reality is an illusion. We have millions at least understanding aspects of our holographic non-physical existence, and more and more scientists are coming around. Nassim Haramein has some incredibly helpful work on a unified theory, though I have experiences leading me to believe more many entities coming through channelers with even more difficult to prove hints at our physics. Some talk of our density’s unbalanced magnetics, making up the physics we perceive and interact with, while other beings deal in balanced magnetics in the quasi-physical I’m assuming where electricity isn’t really a thing, then there’s the holographic magnetics spirits and such deal with, with all the infinite information available to them.

  82. @kevinreardon2558

    March 19, 2024 at 1:49 am

    There is no Dark Matter or Dark Energy, but the red shift is due to gravity. Not Doppler. Sorry folks, but you’re chasing the wrong tail.

  83. @deNuNietNooitNiet

    March 19, 2024 at 4:37 am

    Is the universe expanding equivalent to everything (except space itself) shrinking?

  84. @alvinseah5423

    March 19, 2024 at 6:46 am

    I think a new force of nature is our very own President Trump! Nothing that Biden’s cronies can throw at Trump is gonna stop the most fantastic comeback in history!

  85. @wk8219

    March 19, 2024 at 10:55 am

    This was fantastic. We’ve been getting click bait headlines and articles written by people who don’t understand the experiment for years now. This is a great explanation of what going on and why it matters.

  86. @geared2cre8

    March 19, 2024 at 1:33 pm

    Great video and amazing results

  87. @scottrichards3587

    March 19, 2024 at 8:53 pm

    Recently discovered does not mean “new”. Most likely been around a long time😉

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